There’s the rubbish bin inside your home – you put all the little bits in it, but it has to be you that does it. Then there’s the rubbish outside your home (where the government takes away & you watch it for a while while it goes round the bend)..
And here it is:
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
| Autoimmune disease | A disease where the body’s immune system attacks itself |
| Osmosis | The movement of water molecules from a weaker or more diluted solution through a semi-permeable membrane |
| Renal | Referring to the kidney |
| Hypothalamus | Endocrine gland found in the head |
| Electrolyte | A chemical (potassium, sodium) that ionises to produce an electrically conductive medium |
| Faeces | Waste that is removed via the digestive system through the bowel |
| Deficiency | A lack of something |
| Islets of Langerhans | Cells within the pancreas that secrete the hormone insulin |
| Secondary sex characteristics | The features that distinguish the two sexes that appear at puberty. For example, male bodies become more muscular and a female’s hips usually become wider than her shoulders |
| Negative feedback | A process that occurs in the body where hormones work together to maintain a balance. The rise in one hormone generates the release of another to balance the effect and maintain homeostasis |
| Biorhythms | A recurring cycle in a living organism (eg daily cycle of sleeping and waking) |
| Acid reflux | Stomach acid flows back up the oesophagus |
| Glucagon | A hormone released by the pancreas when the level of glucose in the blood becomes low. It has the effect of converting glycogen to glucose so that more glucose is released |
| Sphincter | Circular muscle |
| Scurvy | A disease cause by a lack of vitamin C. Vitamin C is needed to make collagen |
| Hyperkeratinisation | The excessive production of keratin in the epidermis causing an abnormal thickening of skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet |
| Fatty acids | Building blocks of fat for the body |
| Emulsion | Tiny droplets of one liquid in another |
| Neurological | Related to the nervous system |
| Homeostasis | Control of internal conditions in the body |
| Exhaled | Breathed out |
| Ingested | Taken into the digestive system through the nose or mouth |
| Phagocytic | Engulfing and absorbing bacteria |
| Macrophage | A type of white blood cell |
| Permeable | Porous, leaky |
| Projecting | Extending or reaching into |
| Protrude | Sticking out from |
| Glycoprotein | A protein that contains a carbohydrate |
| Arteriosclerosis | Thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries in old age |
| Haemorrhage | An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel |
| Embolism | Blockage of an artery by a fragment of material travelling in the blood. This could be a thrombus (blood clot), air bubble or other fragment, such as bone |
| Thrombosis | Clotting of the blood in the circulatory system |
| Shock | A condition that occurs when the body isn’t getting enough blood flow |
| Venous return | The blood flow back to the heart via the veins |
| Medially | In the middle |
| Semipermeable | Allowing certain substances to pass through but not others |
| Exert | To apply pressure |
| Phagocytosis | Phagocytes absorb bacteria and digest them to help the body to dispose of unwanted matter such as dirt and dead body cells |
| Anticoagulant | A substance that prevents clotting |
| Homeostasis | The body needs to maintain a constant state of internal balance. If one or more of the systems of the body gets out of balance, ill health and disease can occur |
| Concentration | The amount of something within a liquid |
| Superficial | On the surface; not deep penetrating |
| Convection | The movement of heat through a liquid and/or gas |
| Conduction | The passing of heat and/or electricity from one object to another |
| Antitoxin | A protein produced in response to a toxin to neutralise it |
| Antigen | A foreign body and/or toxin which stimulates an immune response in the body |
| Antibody | Proteins produced in response to an antigen to neutralise it |
| Monocyte | A type of white blood cell |
| Neutrophil | A type of white blood cell |
| Phagocyte | A type of cell within the body capable of absorbing bacteria |
| Phagocytic | Describing the process in which a phagocyte absorbs bacteria |
| Invasion | Entering uninvited |
| Excretion | The process of getting rid of waste |
| Elimination | Getting rid of something |
| Haemoglobin | A protein that gives red blood cells their colour. Their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues |
| Micro-organism | A very small living thing that can only be seen through a microscope |
| Coronary circulatory system | The system that provides blood to the heart |
| Immunity | Protection from a disease |
| Nutrients | Substances that help us live and grow |
| Lateral | On one side of the body and/or other |
| Plantar | Sole of the foot |
| Anterior | In the front of the body |
| Compress | To squeeze and/or press |
| Posterior | At the back of the body |
| Adduct | To move a muscle and/or limb towards the midline of the body and/or towards another part of the body |
| Abduct | To move a muscle and/or limb away from the midline of the body and/or from another part of the body |
| Depresses | Pushes down into a lower position |
| Glycogen | A polysaccharide stored in the liver and/or muscles. It is converted to glucose to provide skeletal muscles with energy |
| Motor nerve | A nerve carrying impulses from the brain and/or spinal cord to a muscle |
| Respiratory | Relating to the system for taking in oxygen and/or giving out carbon dioxide (ie breathing) |
| Conscious | When you are aware of what you are doing; deliberate |
| Protrudes | Sticks out |
| Gluteal muscles | Buttock muscles |
| Lateral | From side to side |
| Deformity | Distortion and/or imperfection |
| Osteomalacia | A softening of the bones |
| Weight-bearing exercise | Exercise that places weight on bones (eg walking) |
| Density | Compactness |
| Displaced | Moved from its original position |
| Bursa | A fluid-filled sac between the bone and/or tendon that prevents friction |
| Articular cartilage | Smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they form joints |
| Progressive | Increasing in severity |
| Chronic | Long term |
| Compound break | An injury where there is a break in the skin around a broken bone |
| Modify | adapt and/or make changes to your treatment |
| Projection | A part that sticks out |
| Metatarsals | Bones of the foot |
| Tarsals | Bones of the ankles and/or heel |
| Lubricant | A substance that reduces friction and/or allows smooth movement |
| Classified | Grouped and/or arranged by a particular category and/or type |
| Metatarsals | Bones of the foot |
| Metacarpals | Bones of the hand |
| Sinus | A hollow cavity |
| Dense | Closely packed together |
| Osteocytes | Mature osteoblasts that no longer form bones but assist with blood flow through the bones |
| Chondrocytes | Cartilage-forming cells |
| Ossification | The process of bone formation |
| hyaline cartilage | A type of cartilage found at the joints |
| Osteoclasts | Cells that break down bone |
| Osteoblasts | Cells responsible for bone formation |
| Periosteum | A membrane that protects the bone |
| Medullary canal | The central cavity containing fatty yellow bone marrow |
| Diaphysis | The main shaft of a long bone |
| Epiphysis | The rounded end of a long bone |
| Osteocytes | Individual blood cells |
| Haversian canal | The central passage of compact bone containing small blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves |
| Lamellae | Concentric layers of bone |
| Concentric | Circular shapes sharing the same centre |
| Rigid | Unable to bend; not flexible |
| phosphate | A chemical compound containing phosphorous |
| Calcium | A mineral necessary for the healthy function of the heart, muscles and/or nerves and/or an essential part of the structure of bones and/or teeth |
| Trichologist | A person who specialises in hair and/or scalp problems |
| Vellus | Short, fine, light-coloured hair that develops in childhood |
| Anagen | The growing phase of a hair follicle |
| Sheath | A cover around the follicle root |
| Parasite | An organism that lives on another organism (a host) causing harm to the host. Parasites include fungi, bacterial and/or worms |
| Infestation | Invasion by animals that enter the body and/or survive by feeding off blood and/or living tissue |
| Fungus | A tiny plant micro-organism |
| Bacteria | Tiny single-celled organisms. Some are harmful to us and/or others are important for our health |
| Immunity | Protection from a disease |
| Indirect contact | A disease is transmitted through another object used by the person with the disease and/or infection (eg towels, spa bath, etc) |
| Direct contact | A disease is transmitted by direct contact with a person who has the disease and/or infection (eg touching) |
| Dormant | Not active |
| Virus | A micro-organism that multiples within a living organism |
| Allergen | A substance that causes the immune system to react abnormally |
| Irritant | A substance, product and/or chemical that causes inflammation of the skin |
| Vesicle | A small, raised blister containing a pale serum |
| Tumour | A benign and/or malignant mass of tissues caused by uncontrolled cell growth |
| Podiatrist | A foot specialist |
| Cyst | A small rounded swelling that might contain fluid, semi-solid and/or solid material. It extends both above and/or below the surface of the skin |
| Oxidation | Interaction between oxygen molecules and/or other substances |
| Wheal | A raised fluid-containing area of flesh-coloured and/or white skin surrounded by a red area. It can look like a cat scratch |
| Acute | Sudden and/or short term |
| Anaphylactic shock | A rare but severe acute allergic reaction |
| Allergen | A foreign substance that can trigger an allergic response in the body |
| Congenital | Present from birth |
| Naevi | Lesions of the skin (eg birthmarks) |
| Over-stimulation | Energising and/or invigorating more than is necessary |
| Superficial | On the surface; not deep penetrating |
| Aggravate | Make worse |
| SPF | Sun protection fact. The number following it, eg 30, indicates the amount of protection the sunscreen will provide when the skin is exposed to UV light |
| Abnormalities | Things that are not normal |
| Imperfections | Flaws in the skin (eg moles and/or skin tags) |
| Androgen and/or testosterone | Hormones that stimulate male characteristics |
| Melanocytes | The cells that produce melanin. Melanocytes contain melanosomes |
| Contours | Outline shape of the skin |
| Metabolism | The chemical processes that occur within living organisms to maintain life |
| pH | Potential of hydrogen. pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance. A low pH is acidic and/or a high pH is alkaline |
| Essential organs | The organs that are essential to survival |
| Evaporate | To turn into vapour |
| Insulation | Protection against heat loss |
| Pustule | A small collection of pus that is visible through a raised portion of the epidermis |
| Papule | A small raised solid area of infected unbroken skin, which often develops into a pustule |
| Comedone | Blackhead |
| Emollient | Something that has a softening effect |
| Excreted | Expelled as waste (eg sweat from the skin) |
| Vasoconstriction | Constriction (shrinking in size) of the muscles in the wall of the blood vessels which restricts blood flow |
| Vasodilation | Relaxation of the muscles in the walls of the blood vessels, causing the blood vessels to dilate (get wider) and/or allow the blood to flow more freely |
| Tactile | Connected to the sense of touch |
| Histamine | A chemical which has the effect of vasodilation |
| Keratinisation zone | The zone where cells begin to die and/or from where they are shed from the skin |
| Keratinisation | The process by which living cells change into flat dead cells with no nucleus |
| Granular | Microscopic particles |
| Pigmentation | Colouration |
| Lubricant | A substance (such as oil) that reduces friction |
| Ceramides | Natural lipids (fats) that allow the skin to hold onto moisture keeping it hydrated |
| Lipids | A group of organic molecules that don’t like water and/or prevent water entering the skin. They include fats, oils, waxes and/or fat-soluble vitamins |
| Natural moisturising factor (NMF) | Water-soluable substances |
Duomo Sant'Andrea - "I Knew You'd Be A Girl! 